I was born in 1923, eight months after Benito Mussolini first came to power in Italy as the Prime Minister of Italy under King Umberto. From the first moment that I became aware of the worldwide tensions that were building up to the Second World War in which I would have to fight, the attention of the world was focused on the rise of the Fascist movement in Italy and its close relationship with National Socialism in Germany which had been established by Adolph Hitler.
As a child I was fascinated by the use of the fasces as the emblem of the Fascist Party in Italy. The fasces has a long and interesting history.
The fasces originated as a bundle of birch rods surrounding a battle ax all bound together by red ribbons as a symbol of power, absolute power. I probably originated in the eastern Mediterranean region. It was adopted by the rulers of the Etruscan tribes and was passed on by them to Imperial Rome. The fasces were carried in procession in front of a high dignitary as a symbol of his authority over all of the people over whom he held power.
As you read in the Wikipedia article I posted in the post preceding this post, the faces have been used by all western nations, including our own in their heraldry.
I soon realized that any government that has the power to inflict corporal punishment and impose death on a subject shares some aspects of fascism, more or less. Over the years I also came to realize that the word fascist when use pejoratively is truly meaningless since it can mean whatever the person using the word wants it to mean.
The fasces originated as a bundle of birch rods surrounding a battle ax all bound together by red ribbons as a symbol of power, absolute power. I probably originated in the eastern Mediterranean region. It was adopted by the rulers of the Etruscan tribes and was passed on by them to Imperial Rome. The fasces were carried in procession in front of a high dignitary as a symbol of his authority over all of the people over whom he held power.
As you read in the Wikipedia article I posted in the post preceding this post, the faces have been used by all western nations, including our own in their heraldry.
I soon realized that any government that has the power to inflict corporal punishment and impose death on a subject shares some aspects of fascism, more or less. Over the years I also came to realize that the word fascist when used pejoratively is truly meaningless since it can mean whatever the person using the word wants it to mean.
It is customary among adherents of left/progressive politics to accuse conservatives of fascism. But the reality is that ultimately there is only superficial difference between extremists of both end of the political spectrum. Ultimately there is no practical difference between Socialism/Communism and Laisssez Faire Capitalism when power is concentrated in the hands of an elite or oligarchy.
I cannot see the difference between Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Fidel Castro, Pol Pot, Daniel Ortega, Evo Morales, Mao Zedong. Right or left, they were all the same in the long run. They suppressed and are suppressing every natural and positive freedom.
Who are the fascists in America today? The leading candidates for that designation are the progressives and leftists in main-stream media, government and academia. Freedom of religion survived Hitler, Stalin and Mussolini; it is having a hard time surviving in America’s schools at every level, from kindergarten to Yale, Harvard, Duke et al. Freedom of speech had a hard time existing in Germany and Italy, and it is having a hard time existing in America’s colleges and universities today because of fascists power in the faculty and administration of those citadels of intellectual freedom.
Who are the fascists in America today? Do not look to your right, look to your left !!!
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The concept of the bundle of twigs/rods was actually, I believe, a very positive idea. It implied that when people are close together they cannot be broken. It is a symbol of unity and the strength derived from unity. Now the free market is not fascist. But Nazism is not really the extreme right either: National Sozialism was its name and it was certainly a socialism with a strong nationalistic ideology but socialism still as its second name was the Worker’s party.