AN INDICTMENT OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS (THE JESUITS)

Settimo Cielodi Sandro Magister 

15 mar 19

The Society of Jesus Adrift. The Indictment of a Great Jesuit

Spadaro

> Italiano
> English
> Español
> Français

> All the articles of Settimo Cielo in English

*

“It seems that I am in good Company….” This is how an exultant Antonio Spadaro hailed via Twitter the release of “Confesiones de jesuitas,” the expanded new edition of a book published back in 2003 with the title “31 jesuitas se confiesan,” in which he too now appears together with 37 other confreres, including several of the highest rank, living and dead, from Avery Dulles to Carlo Maria Martini, from Roberto Tucci to Tomás Spidlik, from Jon Sobrino to Robert F. Taft, from Adolfo Nicolás to Arturo Sosa Abascal, the last two generals of the Society of Jesus.

The book’s editors, Catalans Valentí Gómez-Oliver and Josep M. Benítez-Riera, write in the preface that what prompted the updating of this collection of testimonies was the election of the first Jesuit pope in history. The asked each of the interviewees to “confess” his personal life experience for the sake of composing a sort of collective self-portrait of the Society of Jesus, coming up to today with Jorge Mario Bergoglio at the apex of the Church.

But take care. “Confesiones de jesuitas” is far from being a celebratory book. Fr. Spadaro must not have realized this, seeing how he exulted at finding himself in the midst of a Company that by no means turns out to be so “good,” according to the judgment of some of its own confreres.

It is enough to read, to understand this, the “confession” of Xavier Tilliette, from France, who died at the age of almost one hundred on December 10 of 2018 and was hailed the next day in “L’Osservatore Romano” as “not only a thoroughbred philosopher and theologian, but a true Jesuit.”

Tilliette had no rival as a scholar of the German philosopher Schelling, to whom he dedicated a monumental book that is still unsurpassed. But his research ranged farther, on the border between faith and reason, gaining him the admiration and friendship of giants of Catholic thought of the 20th century like Gaston Fessard, Henri de Lubac, Jean Daniélou, Hans Urs von Balthasar, the first three also Jesuits. And entirely worth reading is the emotional remembrance dedicated to him in “L’Osservatore Romano” by his confrere Jacques Servais, a disciple of von Balthasar and author of the most important theological interview of Joseph Ratzinger after his resignation from the papacy.

So then, here is what Tilliette writes – among much else – in his “confession.”

To begin, these words of his act as a title for what follows:

“My religious vocation in the Society of Jesus was precocious, and practically never wavered. Only in the last decades, in the face of changes that made its original traits unrecognizable, it was put to a hard test and questions arose for me: on the exercise of the vows, on poverty and obedience, on the function of the superiors, on the future of the Society.”

One of the pivotal moments was 1968, when Tilliette was living in Paris, precisely while he was dedicating soul and body to his monumental study on Schelling and while one of his most well-known Jesuit confreres, Michel de Certeau – whom years later Pope Francis would call “the greatest theologian for today” but whom de Lubac branded as a “Joachimite” infatuated with a presumed golden age with no institutional Church anymore – was instead exalting the revolt as a moment of total liberation:

“I had a very bad experience of the crisis of May 1968, from which I immediately distanced myself. The enthusiasm of a Michel de Certeau seemed entirely out of place to me. One was witnessing the sacking of this venerable institution, the university, and in recoil a crumbling of the Society from which it has not recovered.”

This is how Tilliette describes this “crumbling,”in a Society of Jesus become unrecognizable to him and to many of his confreres:

“In parallel with the sudden tumult of 1968 and without relation to it, there took place the methodical transformation of the Church following the Council. But the increase of freedom that stemmed from this had disastrous consequences for the scholasticates of the Society. On that occasion I also had a very bad experience of the evolution or transformation of our way of life. The rebellion of the scholasticates seemed absurd to me. I remained convinced that the Society had steadier nerves and an inner strength capable of overcoming the crisis without giving in on anything essential. But the result was not what I hoped. Thanks to God, the spirit was saved, but the body of the spirit, the letter, suffered in a lasting form. It is a hard trial, that which was inflicted on the Jesuits of my generation, of the previous generation, and of the following one. It may be a lack of flexibility, a lack of adaptation, but these no longer recognize themselves in the relaxed lifestyle that was established, they no longer recognize themselves in the order that in previous times welcomed them. The general congregations took note of the changes that were produced in behaviors, of the desire for independence among their members, of the permissiveness that comes from civil society and has spread among us. They set aside the treasure of the rules, the priority of priorities is no longer the communal religious life, which ended up in pieces, but the preoccupation with justice and the predilection for the poor. Wonderful ideas, that however run the risk of deteriorating into mere words and being unrealizable for the most part.”

As one revealing moment in the crisis of the Society, Tilliette identifies what happened after the death of Cardinal Jean Daniélou, at the Paris home of a prostitute whom he had led to the brink of conversion:

“Something broke in me after the death of Cardinal Daniélou, when calumny was circulating even among the ranks of the Society and the attitude of the superiors was awkward and mediocre. Instead of flying to the aid of an assassinated confrere, there was a conflagration of base vendettas. It was then that I doubted my order, its discernment, its capacity for solidarity. I fell from the height of my ideal, like Mallarmé. Before my entrance and at the time of my formation, I had a very high ideal of the Society, of its esprit de corps, of its solidarity.”

As a professor of philosophy, first at the Jesuit institutes of formation, then at the Institut Catholique of Paris, and finally at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Tilliette says he had also seen evaporate in the Society the primacy of the “intellectuals”:

“I spent my existence as a Jesuit in the traditional positions of college director and professor, of magazine editor and writer, of university professor. I took on these austere tasks convinced that Jesuit humanism is primordial and that intellectuals are the apples of the Society’s eye. Instead it seems that today it is no longer so and that the preference is given to directly apostolic ministries. I think that a virtue is being made of necessity: the scanty recruitment does not permit the maintenance of a high level of studies and superiors do not have subjects available to fill openings as little by little these become open. From this point of view, the future of the Society is rather dark. Houses are being closed and the elderly are being placed in residences staffed with medical personnel. Without a doubt there is no other solution. But we would like it if this inevitable retreat would not be accompanied by customary euphoric discourses, which are reminiscent of wartime proclamations of defeat.”

Summing it up, the picture that Tilliette sketches on contemporary society is dark, partly through the silence of the “superiors”:

“Having come to the age at which the shadows stretch across the road, I feel the duty to confess a disappointment that I share with many. I have changed infinitely less than the vital context that surrounds me, and it is a suffering to feel out of sync, anti-modern, and, worse, complicit, since the influence of the surrounding environment is too strong. I do not want to blame anyone, but at certain moments there has been a lack of resolute words on the part of the superiors. The materialist mentality reigns and extends itself without being contrasted by the collective conscience. God is absent from hearts. The innocent and the victim are worth less than the guilty. A society that moves heaven and earth against the death penalty and, at the same time, justifies and promotes free abortion, is at the lowest point of the scale of perversion.”

But the conclusion remains trustful in any case, because what matters more than belonging to the Society is service to the Church:

“Our age, one of the darkest in history, nonetheless sees the blossoming of sublime sacrifices, heroism, examples of holiness. There comes the desire to repeat with Gertrud von le Fort after the first world war: only in disaster and in universal ruin does the Church stand firm. The holy Catholic Church, like a lighthouse on the hill. Which remains intact in its divine essence even when our sins have stained its noble face. My early education instilled in me love and respect for the Church, its sacraments, its liturgy, the refuge of mercy, of prayer and of knowledge that it offers to the people of the world. The life of the saints, the example of Fr. de Lubac, the assiduous reading of Claudel taught me to venerate the Church, to subordinate membership in the Society to the service of the Church and of the pope, for which it was created and which remains its reason for being. Not the Society as such, but some Jesuits of all ages must make a serious examination of conscience. Mine is certainly not reassuring, and I teach myself a lesson every day. But I do not believe that I have intentionally sinned against the light.”Condividi:

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment

A NATIONAL SURVEY PAINTS A GRIM AND YET AN ENCOURANGING PICTURE OF THE MASS IN THE United States

National Survey Results: What We Learned About Latin Mass Attendees

FEB 24, 2019

Traditional Latin Mass National Survey


National Survey Results: What We Learned About Latin Mass Attendees
FEB 24















































22









Posted on February 24, 2019, in holinessliturgy and tagged Fr. Donald Klosterlatin massLatin Mass surveynovus ordoTLM Survey. Bookmark the permalink. 72 Comments.






kentgeordie
 | February 25, 2019 at 1:14 pm
Lex orandi, lex vivendi.

Rod Halvorsen
 | February 26, 2019 at 12:11 am
It does indeed appear to demonstrate that the statement “It’s a different religion” is not too far off the mark.

rmandock
 | February 26, 2019 at 10:17 pm
Cardinal Sarah disagreed when I posted that the Novus Ordo seems to operate according to a different theology than the extraordinary form. I believe the risk of immanence exists wherever the focus of worship resides between the people and the priest, rather than eastward toward the Transcendent. I have sensed this in the past when I used to regularly attend ordinary-form Masses.

Michael Dowd
 | February 25, 2019 at 1:16 pm
The NOM attendees would certainly correlate significantly more with Protestants than with TLM folks on all measures. Of course this should be obvious I guess because the intention of the NOM was to appeal to Protestants and the impact of Vatican II was to protestantize Catholics. The NOM and Vatican II are works of the devil. NOM Catholics have become Protestants.

The Owl ~ ಠvಠ
 | February 25, 2019 at 1:52 pm
The difference in the ways the various surveys were conducted prevents a proper comparison between TLM and NOM attitudes. The sample set for TLM is guaranteed to be nearly 100% Mass attendance, due to the survey methodology and the esoteric nature of TLM guaranteeing a narrow attitude sample. The methodology of the NOM surveys is a much wider sample of attitudes.
In order to correlate, one would need to adjust the NOM reportings to only take into consideration weekly mass attendees. This would then produce comparable attitudes (being those that are formed by the doxology and praxis of the various Mass structures.)
The intent of the survey is to compare the attitudes of those formed by the respective Masses. It is not proper to include the attitudes of those who do not attend NOM weekly in the comparison as such individuals cannot be said to be formed predominantly by the NOM. Nor can it be said that the results as published indicate that the NOM results in the majority of NOM Catholics holding non-Catholic positions.

Additionally, there is a million and one reasons why one might not attend the NOM. It could be because they disagree with what is taught in terms of abortion, contraception, and homosexuality. It could also be because they find the NOM abhorrent, but that is all that they have nearby, and thus choose not to go lest they are lead astray. Both responders tell us nothing about the attitudes of one formed by NOM.

Rod Halvorsen
 | February 25, 2019 at 3:05 pm
You make some very interesting points. 
One needs to be explored more fully, tho, and I have no idea how to do it.
It seems that examining only weekly Mass attenders of NOM would not be a proper limiting factor in that one of the contentions of many Traditionalists and “conservative” NOM folks is that commonly-accepted teaching has changed so much among prelates, priests and laity that weekly Mass is simply seen as not required and missing is no big deal and the “obligation” has been eliminated and this set of views thus forms a new “accepted” “teaching” of the Church. “We don’t believe that anymore” so to speak. Like Protestants shouldn’t receive communion, etc.
Thus, to eliminate all those who do not attend weekly from a survey of “Catholics” would be to eliminate a large percentage of folks who identify as “Catholics” and indeed, who are identified as “Catholics” by non-Catholics as well.
I see some concerns with the comparison between TLM and NOM attenders as you suggest, but it seems you are defining the latter by the orthodox teachings upheld by the former, by suggesting that only weekly Mass attendees should be queried. 
I think you are suggesting the following which I would agree with if you are, and that is that it is probable that NOM attendees who attend every week, very likely also hold in common with TLM folks most of the other beliefs surveyed, or at least a higher percentage do. But such weekly attenders are a minority of those who consider themselves “Catholic” and as such, a minority of what the world of non-Catholics see as “Catholic”.

Julian D. Woodruff
 | February 25, 2019 at 6:06 pm
Never heard homosexulity, contraception, or abortion promoted at a NOM. Specious argument.

lesliethibodeaux
 | February 25, 2019 at 6:13 pm
But have you heard homilies AGAINST those sins in NOM? Or better yet, the mention of hell…

marymag1928
 | February 26, 2019 at 12:55 am
Agree as a statistician that the two comparisons are not equivalent. This is apples and oranges sort of stuff.
Always difficult to get statistical reliability when candidates are self-selected

WurdeSmythe
 | March 9, 2019 at 11:45 am
> The difference in the ways the various surveys were conducted prevents a proper comparison between TLM and NOM attitudes.
One can draw plenty of meaningful conclusions from the data as resented. The findings also suggest additional useful avenues of research.
> one would need to adjust the NOM reportings to only take into consideration weekly mass attendees.
That’s a valid study. One could also survey TLM faithful who are not weekly attendees. Even without accounting for those factors, this study is still valid and reliable.
> Additionally, there is a million and one reasons why one might not attend the NOM.
No doubt. I think a reasonable hypothesis to test is that the NOM causes people to quit believing and practicing their Catholic faith. This study does nothing to counter that hypothesis, and the results can be reasonably interpreted to support it.
I look forward to seeing what the subsequent findings indicate.

Mark Yunque
 | February 25, 2019 at 2:24 pm
I think that a separate column for Weekly NOM and Other NOM would be informative. Needless to say, one would expect the Weekly NOM to be closer to the TLM group but the nuances of the differences would be enlightening.

Fr. Kloster
 | February 25, 2019 at 2:52 pm
@Mark and The Owl
CARA has done significant and very thorough sampling over many years. Ditto for Pew Research. They both have a very good handle on the Novus Ordo numbers. I would go the other way from your assumptions.
There are lots of unaccounted for Catholics who are not registered anywhere, but received their sacraments in the Novus Ordo.
So, from 1965 to 2017, we went from 17,637 parishes down to 17,156 parishes, a net loss of 481 parishes (CARA). In that same time period we went from 48.5 million Catholics to 74.2 million Catholics. We lost 481 parishes and yet gained 25.7 million Catholics! Again, there are many Catholics not being counted.
The Traditional Catholics almost universally go to Mass, not so for the NOM being as there are so many unregistered/away from the faith. The 22% Mass attendance for the NOM is a very, very generous number.
Both of you may take 100 random kids from the Novus Ordo. I’ll even let you pick my 100 from the TLM. Give them all a catechism test. The TLM kids will blow the NOM kids out of the water. That’s most of my point. My mother was raised in the TLM and she knew her faith very well. The last 50 years of Catholic students has produced a severe deficit in catechetical knowledge. The common denominator for a successful catechetical product is the TLM. One nourishes the faith exponentially and the other is a deficient imitation. We must all ask ourselves; wherein resides fruitfulness?

mag
 | March 1, 2019 at 8:50 pm
Except you can’t measure that fruitfulness with such poor sampling standards. I’m not sure why your ‘statistician contributor’ didn’t detail your methodology, but from what’s there, it appears non-existent. I’m sure this took a lot of work on your part, but if we want to actually get at the truth, it can’t be this sloppy. This is more self gratification than scientific work.

Brian Williams
 | March 2, 2019 at 1:23 am
The survey sample size, particularly the email (not in pew) responses, are actually quite thorough and extensive. Having said that, we more than welcome further studies on this. However, no one should hold their breath waiting for them, unless blue is your favorite color. 

Fr. Kloster
 | March 1, 2019 at 9:43 pm
@mag No one is stopping you from proving my numbers wrong…I’d be interested to see your professional and scientific study. Was it the fertility rate or the percentage donated that got you critically motivated?
The fact is, CARA and the USA Bishops don’t want to know what they don’t want to know. I hope you are not in that grouping as well.

mag
 | March 2, 2019 at 3:51 am
” No one is stopping you from proving my numbers wrong…I’d be interested to see your professional and scientific study.”
What sort of comment is this? “Proving your numbers wrong” doesn’t take a study, as the numbers don’t prove anything. Your methodology is barren of frame and selection information, and the reader is left to guess at most procedural aspects. I hope there’s some more thorough write-up ( and that doesn’t mean the raw data ), or this is hardly useful as a study.

Fr. Kloster
 | March 2, 2019 at 2:07 pm
@mag I guess I just have to take your word for it that the Study is faulty. You just intuitively know the Study is not useful. Thank you for the critique.
I still think you could do a much better Study and so I eagerly await your superior, intelligent, scientific, thoroughly methodical, laser focused, and complete results. That is not facetious. It would be useful for me to discern whether you are a Monday morning quarterback or you have some solid data to back up your words.

JTLiuzza
 | February 25, 2019 at 2:26 pm
Sure Owl.
In other words, don’t ask every novus ordite, just the ones who will give you the right answers.

Justin Martyr
 | February 25, 2019 at 4:11 pm
Congratulations on arriving at the intuitively obvious conclusion that those who self-select to escape the liberal Catholic hoi polloi will be more conservative than them. This is a fallacy known as cherry-picking. Are you trying to prove that the Extraordinary Form intrinsically makes Catholics more orthodox? If so your methodology is completely invalid. To prove that, you’d have to take liberal Catholics and expose them to the Extraordinary Form — without simultaneously exposing them to conservatives — for a period of time and see if they turn into conservatives. All this survey appears to do is give Extraordinary Form attendees justification for self-congratulation. “I thank thee, Lord, that I am not like this Novus Ordo Catholic, contracepting, aborting, approving of homosexual marriage. I pay tithes on all I have; I fast once a week…” Etc. Have mercy on us sinners!

Rod Halvorsen
 | February 25, 2019 at 4:23 pm
I don’t think it’s quite the way you describe, but the one unanswered/unanswerable question is what would the state of the Church look like today if the NOM had never been inaugurated. 
We don’t know.
But we do know that every single prelate, priest and peritus present at Vatican 2 was the product of a TLM culture and so were all those that contributed to the creation of the NOM.
So I wonder if it would look all that much different?

c matt
 | February 25, 2019 at 4:37 pm
Not necessarily true – there were enemies of the TLM present/influencing (Protestant and Jewish periti) and many of the “products” of the TLM culture were products in rebellion of it (if not just downright infiltrating traitors – every group seems to have it Judas).

Fr. Kloster
 | February 25, 2019 at 5:54 pm
@Justin Martyr It’s a National Study with 1,750+ samples (that is a huge sample size). There are 16 states represented. No one has ever done anything like this.
If you don’t agree with it, be my guest to do your own study. I’m not sure you realize how difficult this was to compile. Even if my margin of error is very high, the TLM results are so far superior that they communicate a huge difference between the fruit of the two Masses within the Roman Rite to anyone who is not biased or an ideologue.
I’m anxious to hear the response of Dr. Mark Gray of CARA. He has his pulse on the Catholic Church in America and has been doing polling of Catholics for years. He has the study in his possession and said he would analyze it for me. To my knowledge, he has no connection to the TLM. If he largely agrees with my findings, it would seem you’d still find fault with the Study….ideologies are hard to overcome.

Leslie Thibodeaux
 | February 25, 2019 at 4:12 pm
Perhaps one of the greatest questions missed would be Belief in the True Presence…Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Our Lord!
I am with you Michael Dowd.

Fr. Kloster
 | February 25, 2019 at 6:03 pm
2010 Pew Research found that 45% of Catholics (who went to Mass) did not believe in the Real Presence. Among Catholics who don’t go to Mass, that number soars to at least 70%. If you asked TLM attendees, that number would be 95% or better.

Fr. Kloster
 | February 25, 2019 at 6:04 pm
95% belief in the Real Presence.

Jim Dorchak
 | February 25, 2019 at 4:25 pm
Whew …. good thing you did not include in your survey South Carolina or your Positive Latin Mass data would have been skewed so bad people would not have believed you!

c matt
 | February 25, 2019 at 4:32 pm
Or is it a bit of chicken-egg conundrum – do TLMers go to the TLM because they are more orthodox to begin with, or does the TLM make them more orthodox? If we were working from parity (i.e., the TLM and NOM were relatively commonly offered side by side), then a comparison of the effects of one over the other might be plausible. The way it is now, where one has to go to some efforts to attend TLM, I would venture it is more likely being orthodox increases your likelihood of attending the TLM rather than vice versa. One thing that is undeniable is that TLMers are more orthodox than NOMs. So it is reasonably plausible that the TLM reinforces one’s orthodoxy, whereas the the NOM does not. And this is hardly surprising, giving the whole raison d’etre of the NOM was to make Catholicism more Protestant. A very “water is wet” discovery.

WurdeSmythe
 | March 9, 2019 at 11:53 am
> is it a bit of chicken-egg conundrum…
Another take is that conservative Catholics who go to the TLM rely on the TLM to help them remain conservative. Chicken *and* egg.
This example is anecdotal and qualitative, but it can help with perspective on possible interpretations of the data: in the case of this convert from Protestantism 20 years ago, the Traditional Faith (Mass, catechism, etc.) led me to want to embrace the conservative, orthodox life, which I’d never before been exposed to. I’d known plenty of NOM Catholics and been a guest at the NOM, but it was the Traditional Latin world that brought me into the fold.

Rod Halvorsen
 | February 25, 2019 at 6:07 pm
c matt;
What I stated was absolutely true.
That some were enemies of the faith and possibly even hated the liturgy itself specifically is a different thing entirely. The point is that one’s exclusive experience of the TLM is no guarantee of one’s orthodoxy or orthopraxy.
Indeed, some numbers of monsters among sex abusing priests we have read about for the last 30 years were ordained in the TLM, and millenia’s worth of criminals, tyrants and evil-doers of all nationalities who grew up Catholic in the Latin Rite before the NOM was inaugurated experienced nothing but the TLM. The TLM by itself is no guarantee that the individual experiencing it will respond in faith. 
Put another way, many who experienced a face-to-face relationship with Christ Himself denied Him and otherwise rejected His teaching.
Having said all that, I believe the TLM is vastly superior to the NOM for many reasons. 
Both sets of propositions can be true.

Janet
 | February 25, 2019 at 6:57 pm
More than a little concerned that a whole 2% of TLM attendees seems to be totally on-board with the modernist agenda in everything else except the Mass they attend =-\ Worth noting; don’t presume that, just because someone attends the TLM, that it means they’re on-board with Church teaching.

Fr. Kloster
 | February 25, 2019 at 7:20 pm
8% (1 of 12) of the Apostles were on board with betraying Our Lord.
92% (11 of 12) of the Apostles were on board with abandoning Him.
The Church has always been made up of the wheat and the chaff.

Brandywine Blue
 | February 25, 2019 at 10:44 pm
One more question should be asked, as I have seen the (pitifully low) statistic quoted for NOM attendees – How many TLM attendees believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Holy Eucharist and not a mere symbol, how many believe that Mass is a sacrifice and not a meal?

Brandywine Blue
 | February 25, 2019 at 10:52 pm
Sorry, this com box doesn’t let you edit or delete questions. Sorry for redundancy of the Real Presence question. I’m sure the results of the “Mass as a sacrifice” question would yield similar results

Richard Chonak
 | February 26, 2019 at 4:55 am
Let’s look at the source materials cited above, to clarify some of the questions raised.
To start with, here is the Pew Center report from 2016 with the statement on contraception. According to the writer, only 13% of weekly Mass attenders agree that conttaception is morally wrong:
http://www.pewforum.org/2016/09/28/4-very-few-americans-see-contraception-as-morally-wrong/
This 13% disapproval figure does not exactly correspond to the 89% approval figure given in the table above. Can Dr. Fisher explain the difference?

Fr. Kloster
 | February 26, 2019 at 10:02 am
There is an America Jesuit Review article from September 28, 2016. It quotes Pew Research’s newly released finding and here it is verbatim:
“Just 8 percent said contraception is morally wrong, with 89 percent saying it was either morally acceptable or not a moral issue at all.”
Check what you read. There is no evidence to support that NOM Catholics, who practice at any frequency, are less than 50% on board with contraception. For crying out loud, do your own poll in your own parish. Contraception is widely practiced and widely accepted in NOM circles.
You flipped your numbers. Read it more clearly. Even with your citation, it is 87% of Catholics who say contraception is morally acceptable or no moral issue at all. We’re going to argue over 2%?

Richard Chonak
 | February 27, 2019 at 12:55 am
Thanks for responding, Fr. Kloster. First of all, I should say hello: you’re in a wonderful parish, where I actually have a few friends already. 
As an old techie (MS in applied math), I naturally take an interest in your presentation, and, in case there was any misunderstanding, I’m not arguing against the merits of your survey. In fact, you could even make your presentation a little stronger by providing the relevant quotations from CARA and Pew directly in your footnotes. so that people can see for themselves that you are indeed accurately presenting what CARA and Pew stated. 
This is worth doing because people are right to be skeptical about statistical claims. 
But now that you’ve explained the source you used for that 89% statistic, I might fault you for placing too much trust in secondary sources and Jesuits.

Delia Nye
 | February 26, 2019 at 8:36 am
NOM is appalling and should never have happened 
Please put it to bed forever!!!

Michael Dowd
 | February 26, 2019 at 8:57 am
NOM was intended to destroy the Catholic Church and render it Protestant as shown below:
“We must strip from our Catholic prayers and from the Catholic liturgy everything which can be the shadow of a stumbling block for our separated brethren; that is for the Protestants.”
— Archbishop Annibale Bugnini, L’Osservatore Romano, March 19, 1965

pjmmpjmm
 | February 26, 2019 at 8:46 am
Being in a visible, orthodox minority does put one in the danger of the temptation of rash judgment. Let all traddies pray often, and may all the Faithful, pray often: O God, be merciful to me a sinner.

David Meyer
 | February 26, 2019 at 9:44 am
I believe the data is flawed. To truly compare TLM to NOM, you would need to compare only weekly attendees. Adding in the large % of non-weekly attending Catholics in the NOM is going to skew the results. Of course this doesn’t speak highly for the NOM, and we can discuss its role in leading to such an outcome, but for the purposes of comparing practice and belief, more meaningful results would come from comparing the weekly mass goers from each group.

Richard Malcolm
 | February 26, 2019 at 10:53 am
I would like to highlight a post from Fr Kloster in the replies down below: “So, from 1965 to 2017, we went from 17,637 parishes down to 17,156 parishes, a net loss of 481 parishes (CARA). In that same time period we went from 48.5 million Catholics to 74.2 million Catholics. We lost 481 parishes and yet gained 25.7 million Catholics!”
In fact, it’s worse than this. For starters, according to the data in Kenedy (which you can find at Catholic-hierarchy.org), the number of parishes in this country HAS dropped from 18,224 in 1970 to 17,156 in 2017 (and with the current wave of parish closings, I’m sure it is sliding under 17,000 now). 
But here’s what is really striking, if you further unpack CARA’s own numbers: you can see that in 1970, we had 22.99 million Catholics regularly attending Mass in the United States. In 2017, however, it was down to 15.75 million, despite the fact that the number of baptized Catholics has *grown* by over 20 million.
And as bad as that is, how much worse would these numbers be without large scale immigration of Catholics from Latin America and East Asia? They count every bit as much as Catholics, of course, but their arrival helps mask statistically (and financially) the profound collapse of Catholic observance and belief among Catholics of indigenous standing over the past five decades.

Randal Mandock
 | February 26, 2019 at 1:08 pm
In 2002 I had a choice to make: Do I develop and administer focused course surveys, preliminary and exit exams, and student self-assessments, even though I was the only one that I was aware of at my university doing this type of informal research, or not? Since a number of government agencies were paying me to come up with answers, I decided to do it. Later, when I discovered the role of the IRB at a workshop and became certified, I added the language that would allow me to make public my results. Whether the results impacted my immediate national and local audiences or not, they did impact my courses and the courses taught by my group.
So my question for this forum is this: Do we sit on our hands and do nothing because our first attempt at a survey is more limited in its scope than something more sophisticated might be? Or do we make a start, perhaps a stumbling start, a move in the direction of potentially producing new knowledge where only anecdotes and speculation existed before?

David Meyer
 | February 26, 2019 at 2:09 pm
In some cases, any information is better than none. In others, if information presents a skewed perception of what the reality is, it’s better to refrain from presenting it. If this data could be presented so that it compared only actual practicing (weekly) Catholics from both groups, I think it would be worth presenting. Because of the incredibly huge population of non practicing Catholics that will skew the results. This is just my uneducated opinion though, and I do appreciate this post and the stimulating discussion. Thanks.

rmandock
 | February 26, 2019 at 3:31 pm
If Fr. Kloster decides to move forward with his study, there can be no question that constructive criticism from his peers (us?) can help him produce a better result. I would urge those with expertise and time (this is the rub) to contribute to his effort. We do not know the future of continuance of the extraordinary form in the Church, but what we do know is that as laymen we have a duty to support our clergy in the pursuit of truth for the benefit of the less capable. I agree that before we can instruct the ignorant, we ourselves must be in possession of the truth, the reality.
I do not know how willing a given diocese is to allow the distribution of a survey to Novus Ordo parishes. Mine certainly was not. I was told that a professional organization had been hired to do a similar survey, and therefore mine was not needed. I am sure there would have been some overlap in the questions for the two surveys (e.g., number and distribution of children of school age), but I can guarantee that the diocesan survey would not have asked many of the questions on my survey.
I support Fr. Kloster and his effort. That said, it seems that the goal of his project is to provide convincing evidence that a problem exists, a problem that Novus Ordo clergy seem reluctant to discuss the reasons for in public. His solution seems to be to promote the extraordinary form of the Mass and sacraments. I would agree that this can be a very important first step. But I believe there to be a co-first step that is equally important: a revolution in Catholic education. Not necessarily newer, but better. Take the best of the past and combine it with the best of the present. In the present context of education, this might be viewed as innovative to those with an open mind.

Richard Malcolm
 | February 26, 2019 at 7:36 pm
I don’t think surveying the Church at large in America is that hard. CARA has already done most of the hard work for us.
I would rather see an updated CARA survey of these questions, properly worded, of Catholics in the U.S. generally, using their sampling pool and methods; they have already shown they do a pretty fair job of that, whatever they might do in discussing it. Presuming that they break down responses between Mass attending and non-attending Catholics – which they often do. 
The hard part would then be to take their survey questions and try to come up with a scientifically acceptable sample of TLM parishes and communities, and survey them until an acceptable response rate is generated. 
The hardest part of all would be to try to nail down aggregate attendance numbers, because it varies so widely, and so many do not take attendance.

Fr. Kloster
 | February 26, 2019 at 9:24 pm
I do appreciate the comments of rmandock and Richard Malcolm.
I’m not sure most people understand how hard it would be to randomly call and then contact a TLM attendee. It would be like finding a needle in a hay stack.
My Study was done with my own personal contacts around the country. Then too, I personally talked to several people in each of the 16 states. In many ways, getting the amount of samples I was able to amass was a minor miracle. There were many days I thought it just couldn’t be done. So many didn’t want to participate or told me they didn’t have the time to help my endeavor. I got a lot of proverbial doors slammed in my face via the phone and the internet.
To me, it was providential that I got 1300+ samples in pew and 451 samples online. I’m not inclined to believe that people lie when they take a survey like this. Even if one thinks they do, why would a phone interview be any less susceptible to lying or the data be any more reliable? I rather think that a phone interview is just as unverifiable as an in pew survey. When everything is said and done, you are relying on an individual to be truthful and you can never be 100% sure they have been. Again, the percentage differences are so big that my margin of error is huge and then I still proved what I have witnessed time and again over 3 continents, 4 countries, and 11 USA Dioceses.
But, the big thing in the favor of the Study is that the numbers were virtually the same percentages online as they were in the pew. To me online samples and a phone sample are kissing cousins.
If you don’t have a dog in the fight, you have to know how woefully the NOM has sustained the faith. Why is the TLM producing 7 to 8 times the vocations? Where is the NOM fruitfulness? The TLM is teeming with ripe succulent fruit. The demographics prove my study for me. The TLM is the Mass of the Church going forward and there is nothing anyone can do to stop that fact. As my mother always said, “hide and watch.” 
Something things were interesting inside the numbers. Texas had much bigger family sizes and a medium collection percentage. Colorado had the lowest birth rate and the biggest collection percentage. It makes sense because many of the Colorado women are California and/or West Coast transplants. The TLM Mass attendance actually went from 98% to 99% after the sexual scandal broke in August 2018.

rmandock
 | February 26, 2019 at 11:06 pm
Needle in a haystack? I am a founding member of our FSSP parish in Atlanta, Our Latin Mass community started in December 1995. I was asked to develop a K-12 CCD program in September of that year and to be DRE in January 1996. The Archbishop confirmed my appointment as DRE the next day. Our Sunday Mass attendance is around 500. I know because I do the counting for the 9:00 low Mass. Chances are good that many adults from my parish would be willing to respond to your survey.
A couple of years ago two Latin Mass communities in Texas contacted me about guidance on how to start their own CCD program. I created a chronological history of our program and sent them my catechist and parent orientation guides, I am slowly compiling resources for a “how to” book. Perhaps you have contacted these communities about taking your survey. If not, I probably still have their contact information.
Do I have a dog in the fight? That depends on which dog you are talking about. I have been fighting for liturgical and catechetical orthodoxy since the mid-1990s. Would you call that a dog? Why do you think I spent 10 years developing a better model for Catholic education at the high school level? I am itching to take the gloves off.
By the way, it seems that Trump’s HHS Office for Civil Rights has decided to speak with me about the complaint I filed immediately after the Office was established. I just received the first message about the case this afternoon. I will be speaking with an attorney tomorrow. The case is called “Mandock, Randal vs U.S. Congress and HHS.” Gee, maybe I’m gonna be somebody. I told them in my complaint that I want my Catholic hospital back. Obama ran it out of business not long after the Dems decreed that “Obamacare”:was the law of the land. Let’s see how far HHS is willing to go to bring the Sisters of Mercy back to Atlanta. Is this another dog in another fight? Hmm. Just maybe…
By the, by the way, I have attended Mass at several FSSP and Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest parishes and oratories during the last 20 years. I know some of the pastors of these ecclesial bodies. Let me know if you are interested in broadening your sample base.

S
 | February 27, 2019 at 6:34 am
I think an appropriate question for a survey is: “Be honest, do you personally think that those who celebrate the other form can grow in holiness just as much as you can?”
Yes
No
Probably
I sure hope so

WurdeSmythe
 | March 9, 2019 at 12:01 pm
Here’s another take on that:
“Are you awkward or embarrassed when talking about your aspirations to be holy, or is it a routine and pleasant topic of conversation for you?”

Matt Tortorich
 | February 27, 2019 at 9:09 am
This is a ridiculous survey. The results are rather obvious & the entire “argument” circular. We already know that those that deliberately seek out a TLM are very engaged in their faith. That is great. We also know that the immediate Mass available to most Catholics is NOM & the principle Mass to which they have been exposed for their entire life. To suggest that there is correlation or causation is naive at best. As a faithful Catholic who regularly attends the NOM every Sunday, I’m fully in line with the Church’s teachings on all of the points of the survey (contraception, abortion & gay marriage). I also donate 10% & have 7 kids. I also am not personally drawn to the TLM. I’m not opposed to it – I just don’t get it. And the attitude within the Church of “if you’re holy enough, you’ll prefer the TLM” is ridiculous, foolish & harmful to the Body overall. The impression I’m under is that this article is really sent to further push the opinion that the TLM is superior to the NOM despite the fact that this position runs contrary to what Mother Church has clearly articulated.

Brian Williams
 | February 27, 2019 at 9:37 am
“And the attitude within the Church of ‘if you’re holy enough, you’ll prefer the TLM’ is ridiculous, foolish & harmful to the Body overall.” 
This is a common misperception. Discussion of the liturgy isn’t about how ‘great’ the attendees are, but rather the efficacious merit & form of the ancient rite of the Church. Believe it or not, there is truth to the axiom, “lex orandi, lex credendi”, whether you accept that or not.
I find it odd: when a parent extols the Montessori method, or their kids charter school, no one slams the parents for claiming superiority. It’s understood that it’s the school/method…not the enrolled…that is being highlighted. No difference here. 

rerumnovarum18lkj91
 | February 27, 2019 at 6:21 pm
The Vatican II reformers, early modernists, Teilhard de Chardin, Karl Barth, indeed Luther and Cranmer, all attended or celebrated the Latin Mass exclusively. What of their beliefs?

Just Observing
 | February 28, 2019 at 10:32 am
It has already been noted that the survey of the TLM attenders is cherry-picking, because it privileges and over-represents those who are already physically in church—who are will obviously attend at a higher rate than those not present. Further, the TLM group are self-selecting for “conservationism” or “orthodoxy.”
But there is another problem, the other questions focus almost completely on sexual moral issues. We should also like to know:
Do attenders exhibit antisemitic attitudes?
Do attenders exhibit racist attitudes?
Are they sedevacantists or reject the authority of Pope Francis?
Do they believe that the hosts are validly consecrated at NO Masses?
Do they think that NO priests have vaild orders?
Do they reject scientific conclusions on climate change and also reject Laudato si?
Do they reject evolution as contrary to faith and so also reject Humani Generis?
What percentages are Republicans or Democrats?
Do they think there is a Masonic conspiracy to destroy the Church?
We might find that the TLM attenders are just as much dissenters as the NO attenders, they just reject Church teaching on different issues.

Matt Tortorich
 | February 28, 2019 at 10:55 am
All great points.
Another area for consideration: evangelization and missionary zeal. I’m not quite sure how to word a question that would effectively assess this area. That said, most of the efforts I see to bring the Gospel to the world are the fruits of NO attendees. Alternatively LTM attendees seem more closed in on themselves. Perhaps that observation is incorrect, but it’s a perception that exists.

Brian Williams
 | February 28, 2019 at 11:45 pm
Matt, I’m afraid that’s a bit too subjective. I see Latin Mass communities as being very focused on evangelization, first & foremost through their openness to life and then their support for vocational discernment. As Fr. Kloster & I have both written about in the past, the priests & religious brothers & sisters of the future, the booming seminaries, are those steeped in, and formed by, tradition; particularly the ancient Rite. In addition, traditionalist families are a constant witness to others by their simple refusal to give up our traditional faith, disciplines, and morals. That *some* may turn away from much within the Church & the culture (at times), but this is often in response to the imposed segregation and persecution (often) fostered by their own bishops, priests, and family members.

Brian Williams
 | February 28, 2019 at 11:48 pm
Thank you for your comment. I needed some good satire today. 

Fr. Kloster
 | February 28, 2019 at 11:56 pm
@Just Observing
Yes, now I understand…. it doesn’t matter if the TLM attendees are going to Mass 4 times as often. It doesn’t matter that they are giving 5 time as much in the collection. It doesn’t matter that they have a 60% bigger family.
I’ll write it again. You pick 100 kids or adults that go to the NOM. You can even pick my 100 TLM attendees for me. Let’s give them a catechism test and see who does better. I have lots of experience testing both Mass attendees. It doesn’t take a Rhodes Scholar to figure our which group will blow away which group. Then too, spiritual jealously is awfully hard to overcome.
Demographics can’t be argued.
There is no way up for the NOM. All the numbers keep tanking year after year decade after decade.

Michael Dowd
 | March 1, 2019 at 1:18 am
I am in 100% agreement with your survey. There should be no question about the fundamental conclusions. TLM folks are clearly and hugely more observant of Catholic Church teaching than NOM attendees. The reason for this is that NOM folks are the victims of Vatican II Modernist theology which was intended to protestantize the Catholic Church as indicated by the following quote:
“We must strip from our Catholic prayers and from the Catholic liturgy everything which can be the shadow of a stumbling block for our separated brethren; that is for the Protestants.”
– Archbishop Annibale Bugnini, L’Osservatore Romano, March 19, 1965
Vatican II was a catastrophe for the Church and must be abrogated in its entirety. One obvious proof is this survey itself.. We should also note that with the arrival of Pope Francis the true scope of the evil of Vatican II is now being fully revealed. The devil must be very proud of all he has accomplished in the last 50 years. The vineyard is now nearly fully devastated and the shepherds have fled.

WurdeSmythe
 | March 9, 2019 at 12:25 pm
Clarity is needed before this survey can be administered.
> Do attenders exhibit antisemitic attitudes?
Please define “antisemtitic.” Irrational dislike or hatred of Jews? That is certainly sinful – Pius XII said we Catholics are “spiritual Semites.”
> Do attenders exhibit racist attitudes?
Please define “racist.” Irrational dislike of any racial group besides one’s own? But we are all brothers in Christ, neither Jew nor Greek, neither bond nor free – all Baptized Catholics are one in Christ Jesus.
> Are they sedevacantists or reject the authority of Pope Francis?
The Orthodox reject the authority of Pope Francis – are they sedevacantists, or just schismatics? Is there a meaningful difference?
> Do they believe that the hosts are validly consecrated at NO Masses?
There are priests in the NO who say they do not believe in the True Presence. Do they validly consecrate? Is it possible to parse and say that some hosts at NO Masses are valid, and others are not?
> Do they think that NO priests have vaild (sic) orders?
Is the proper matter, form, and intent observed in the priest’s ordination? If yes, then the orders are valid; if not, then no.
> Do they reject scientific conclusions on climate change and also reject Laudato si?
On the scientific front: One can accept scientific conclusions on climate change and reject political posturing and novelties that masquerades as scientific conclusions.
On the religious front: As for Laudato si, is an ecological conversion the same thing as a moral and religious conversion to the Catholic Faith? Whether the answer is yes or no, the encyclical needed to reaffirm the primacy of procreation because the worldwide ecological movement is already being run by people who think humanity is a plague on the planet and needs to be reduced in size by a supreme secularized government. I’d like to see the Catholic Church maintain her independence and dignity and not be subject to such a body.
> Do they reject evolution as contrary to faith and so also reject Humani Generis?
Materialistic and atheistic evolution has been repeatedly condemned by the Church; St. Pius X treated this in Pascendi. In Humani Generis, Pope Pius XII allowed for the possibility of exploring scientific theories that human bodies could have progressed through stages; the Holy Father also reminded us that the soul is a spiritual faculty given directly and immediately to a body by God and is not a result of evolutionary forces.
> What percentages are Republicans or Democrats?
I imagine TLM Catholics tend toward Republican. My German Catholic family has been involved in state politics for decades; they were always Democrats, and most of them don’t go to Mass any more.
> Do they think there is a Masonic conspiracy to destroy the Church?
The Masons sure seem to think so, especially in Europe and South America.

Oskari Juurikkala
 | March 8, 2019 at 4:40 am
Interesting. It would, however, be useful to get data with some form of differentiation within the NOM. It’s a very mixed bunch, so putting it all together gives a very rough picture. 
For example, it would be interesting to know how much of the “good” results within the NOM group comes from the more liturgically minded and doctrinally traditional Catholics, who nevertheless attended NOM.

Matt Tortorich
 | March 8, 2019 at 4:58 am
While I agree with you, the TLM advocates will most certainly employ their circular logic. Goes something like this…
“NOM Catholics aren’t good Catholics. How do we know that? Good Catholics don’t go to NOM.”
Many responses on this thread clearly indicate the belief that there is something magical that happened when the Mass was said in english. Somehow simply by changing the Mass from their preference, it magically resulted in poor catechesis and formation. It couldn’t possibly be that these things are independent of each other – that perhaps when the Mass changed a whole lot of other changes were underway in the culture at the same time. I’ve heard this argument before: “Just look at church attendance/church fidelity/catechesis/etc. before the change and after the change.” As if the Mass change was the single change that occurred like in a vacuum. 
Have you all ever read Paul VI’s address true Wednesday immediately preceding the change? It’s one of lamentation because he also preferred the ritual of the past. Having said that, he also recognized that the current state of the world called for something different that could be more accessible to an increasingly secular world. Had it not been for the NOM our churches would be even more empty.

Fr. Kloster
 | March 8, 2019 at 9:16 am
@Matt Tortorich The National Survey was done on one level to answer your faulty conclusion. Since I was a little boy I was told by priests and laymen alike that the decrease in sacramental participation was due to the society.
It is patently not true.
The NOM didn’t save anything, it was a complete forced rupture from tradition. If the people had been given a choice, the NOM would have been attended by very few progressive minded Catholics. The TLM would be still going strongly forward.
In 2018, everyone lived in the same USA society. We are all neighbors and all have the same challenges and blessings around us. Where is the fruit of the NOM Mass? Is it empty seminaries and closed schools? They were all full before the 2nd Vatican Council (which never called for a Novus Ordo).
Now, the TLM is responsible for almost all of the new monasteries and convents in the USA. The TLM people are going to Sunday Mass at a 99% clip. They give 5 times what their fellow NOM attendees give in the collection basket. They have a 3.6 birthrate (1960 birthrate was 3.65), which is a 60% larger family size.
There is a TLM priest to faithful ratio of 1:245 (2017) and a NOM priest to faithful ratio of 1:1843 as of 2016. Remember we all live in the same society. There was a lot of fruit prior to 1965. There are two success stories that both have the TLM as their source. Only someone who doesn’t want to know what he doesn’t want to know would deny what is currently transpiring in the Catholic Church.

WurdeSmythe
 | March 9, 2019 at 11:30 am
Thank you for publishing these survey results. I’ve shared this infiormation with several friends, and I look forward to seeing the results of your ongoing research in 2019-2020.
In your analysis you write, “TLM attendees donate 5 times more in the collection, indicating that they are far more invested than the NOM attendees.”
As a percentage this is true. Do we know the median household income levels for both groups? Knowing that would set useful context for interpreting the data.

Fr. Kloster
 | March 9, 2019 at 12:24 pm
Your query is why I wanted the depression era giving for all Christians in the survey. The depression era Christians (all faiths included) gave 3.3% of their income. If they could do that when no one had any money, then it matters very little what a modern day family is earning. Right now, Protestants are .8% below what their forefathers gave and NOM Catholics are 2.1% below what their forefathers gave in the 1930s.
The TLM 6% (2018) is an average. It averages in everyone. There are very wealthy NOM attendees and their giving averages out to 1.2% because NOM givers are not as generous on average (there are exceptions). I have been assigned in 3 parishes where the NOM and TLM were in the same church. The TLM always brought in much more money than the NOM by a factor of at least 3 times greater. Here at St. Mary’s Norwalk, the TLM is a Solemn High Mass on Sundays. We have 5 additional NOM Masses. The TLM should bring in 17% of the income. It brings in 50% of our income or three times what one would expect from one of 6 Sunday Obligation Masses.

WurdeSmythe
 | March 9, 2019 at 12:39 pm
The depression era data caught my eye; I’m glad you included it.
Another reason I asked about the median income is that one point of feedback I received when I shared this numbers is that poorer and blue-collar people generally are more religious, and that people with higher income levels are usually better educated and therefore less likely to be religious – i.e. upward mobility, education, and affluence account for the differences in belief and worship more than worship.
If there is a difference in Mass attendance influenced by income, I would expect median income to be an influence but not a deciding factor.
One factor that makes this tricky is that incomes levels are usually tracked by household. TLM Catholics in my experience tend to have just one breadwinner; a working mother, meanwhile, generally translates into fewer children, lower Mass attendance, and other differences in other measures in the study.
I take your point that whatever the causes or influences, the pattern seems to be that if one fits himself for the TLM, one will hold conventional Catholic belief and practice, while the NOM militates in a different direction.
I also don’t want to over-generalize: my friends in NOM chapels love the Catholic Faith. I also find that there are points where they agree with me more than their fellow parishioners – e.g. “Where’d they put the Tabernacle?” is a recurring complaint.

Ann Erwin
 | March 10, 2019 at 11:50 am
No surprise. We are truly “fed” spiritually at the Latin Mass. Reverence is a given, no wishy washy “feel-good” homilies. We know we are there to worship God! To thank Him and praise him. We need more parishes to have the Latin Mass daily. Our congregation is made up of oldsters like me, but a significant numer of younger people are attending, and children with their parents also. I am glad our pastor has continued the Latin Mass. Decades ago a bishop forbade it but thanks to Pope Benedict XVI it was restored.
Pingback: New Survey Shows Disparity of Beliefs Between Latin Mass, Novus Ordo Catholics – OnePeterFive
Pingback: TVESDAY EDITION – Big Pulpit
Pingback: National Survey Results: What We Learned About Latin Mass Attendees | Catholicism Pure & Simple
Pingback: Asistentes a la Misa Tradicional son más devotos y ortodoxos, dice estudio – DOMINUS EST
Pingback: Studie beweist: Wer zur Alten Messe geht, bleibt katholisch | Cathwalk
Pingback: Surprise? – TLM attendees go every Sunday – California Catholic Daily














































TLM Survey Results
Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment

TWO AMERICAN BISHOPS BREAK RANKS AND IMPLEMENT IN THEIR DIOCESES THE PLAN FOR THE REPORTING OF MISCONDUCT BY BISHOPS THAT CARDINAL CUPICH, ACTING ON ORDERS FROM FRANCIS THE MERCIFUL, SHOT DOWN AT THE LAST MEETING OF THE USCCB IN BALTIMORE.

New Leadership in Baltimore and Boston

Stephen P. White

THE CATHOLIC THING

THURSDAY, MARCH 14, 2019

Last November, at the insistence of the Vatican, the USCCB postponed voting on several action items intended to address the abuse crisis and, in particular, the failure of the bishops to hold themselves or each other accountable. One of those action items was the establishment of standards of conduct and accountability for bishops. The second was the establishment of a special commission to review complaints against bishops who violate those standards of conduct.

While they did not vote on either item, the bishops did discuss them at length. Those discussions revealed a genuine desire to take concrete steps toward accountability for bishops, but they also revealed substantive disagreement within the conference about the best way to do that.

In particular, the bishops disagreed about the proposal for a special commission for handling complaints against bishops, which would have established a sort of national lay-review board, analogous to those that handle accusations against priests at the diocesan level. Even if the Vatican had not preempted a conference vote, it’s far from clear that the proposal would have passed.

There was another item on the agenda in November which received less attention at the time, but which has been back in the news recently: the establishment of an independent, third-party reporting mechanism for fielding complaints against bishops. Because the bishops did not adopt a code of conduct for themselves, and since no national review board was established to which a national third-party system might report, the proposal seemed moot after the November meeting.

But in January, Archbishop William Lori announced that he was putting in place a third-party reporting system to handle any complaints that might be lodged against bishops in his own archdiocese of Baltimore. The Archdiocese of Baltimore already contracts with an independent firm to handle reports of misconduct at the archdiocesan level – anything from financial mismanagement and fraud to sexual harassment and abuse at parishes or schools – and the same whistleblower system will simply be expanded to handle complaints against bishops.

Complaints made through the system are sent to the archdiocesan review board. In the future, if those complaints implicate a bishop in the archdiocese, the report will also be forwarded to the nuncio in Washington, DC and, if necessary, to law-enforcement officials.

*

Now, just this week, Cardinal Sean O’Malley of Boston announced that his archdiocese would be putting in place a similar program for bishops’ accountability using the same third-party system. As in Baltimore, the Boston system will use an existing reporting infrastructure to handle allegations against bishops, which can then be sent to the nuncio or law enforcement.

(The system being used in both Boston and Baltimore is called EthicsPoint, developed by a company called NAVEX Global, which is used to handle whistleblower complaints for major companies around the world.)

It’s one thing for the USCCB to discuss plans for implementing mechanisms of accountability for bishops. It’s another thing for the archbishop of a major archdiocese to put them in place. It’s yet another thing for the President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors to take these steps in his own archdiocese.

If Archbishop Lori deserves credit for taking this action before any of his brother bishops, Cardinal O’Malley following suit sends a strong signal to any other bishops who might still be worried about pursuing reforms that might be perceived as stepping on Roman toes. Expect more dioceses to follow suit.

The system being put in place in Baltimore and Boston, of course, isn’t a panacea. Lay-review boards don’t have the authority to conduct a full investigation of a bishop, let alone remove him. Diocesan review boards have no such power over priests, either, but rely instead on the voluntary cooperation of their diocese and bishop.

Still, it would be hard for, say, the nuncio, to ignore a complaint submitted to him against a bishop from that own bishop’s lay-review board. This is especially true because, unlike some cases where individual reports have been made to a nuncio or other Vatican official, only to vanish into the black box of the Roman bureaucracy, diocesan review boards publish annual reports.

There’s something to be said for individual dioceses taking it upon themselves to establish accountability for bishops. And there’s something to be said for trying different approaches in different dioceses to see what works and what doesn’t. I’ve written before that we can already see hints that the use of existing lay-review boards to investigate and report on bishops has been tried successfully in ad hoc fashion in places like New York and Los Angeles.

But there’s also a downside to piecemeal reforms: we could easily end up with a patchwork of accountability mechanisms that vary widely from diocese to diocese. If the current crisis is one of credibility, then wild inconsistencies between dioceses could exacerbate that problem rather than fix it. That, of course, is not an argument for one-size-fits-all national solutions, either. It’s simply to point out that at a time of crisis, consistency matters.

Finally, it’s worth remembering that reporting mechanisms and systems of accountability, while important, do nothing to address the root of the crisis, which is fundamentally a crisis of fidelity. In January, Pope Francis made this point to the American bishops:

Loss of credibility calls for a specific approach, since it cannot be regained by issuing stern decrees or by simply creating new committees or improving flow charts, as if we were in charge of a department of human resources. That kind of vision ends up reducing the mission of the bishop and that of the Church to a mere administrative or organizational function in the “evangelization business.” Let us be clear: many of those things are necessary yet insufficient, since they cannot grasp and deal with reality in its complexity; ultimately, they risk reducing everything to an organizational problem.

To that, I say amen . . . while also praying more bishops follow the lead of their brothers in Baltimore and Boston.

*Image: Cardinal O’Malley greets Pope Francis during the Holy Father’s 2015 visit to the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle in Washington, DC.  [CNS photo/Paul Haring]

Share this:

© 2019 The Catholic Thing. All rights reserved. For reprint rights, write to: info@frinstitute.orgThe Catholic Thing is a forum for intelligent Catholic commentary. Opinions expressed by writers are solely their own.

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment

CARDINAL GEORGE PELL’S ‘CONVICTION’ BEARS A CERTAIN RESEMBLANCE T0 THE ‘CONVICTION’ OF Jesus Christ AND OF BLESSED JOHN HENRY NEWMAN WHO IS SOON TO BE DECLARED A SAINT

MARCH 14, 2019

What Newman Can Tell Us About the Cardinal Pell Verdict

FR. GEORGE W. RUTLER

The scene in the London courtroom in 1852 might have been out of a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta, with the defendant in simple clerical black standing in the dock before the bewigged representatives of ancient justice. But one of the judges, John Coleridge, a great-nephew of the poet, saw behind the stooped figure of John Henry Newman the shade of Armada and the ghosts of spies from Douai. So the trial of Newman was about more than the slander of which he was accused. As a scion of Oxford himself, Coleridge, whose own wife Jane Fortescue Seymour had painted a portrait of Newman, resented that the Oxford Movement had been chipping away at the claim of the Established Church to apostolic validity and, worse, that it had become a halfway house to Rome.

Lord Campbell, who was the presiding judge, had authored the Libel Act of 1843: “If any person shall consciously publish any defamatory libel, knowing the same to be false, every such person, being convicted thereof, shall be liable to be imprisoned in the common gaol or house of correction for any term not exceeding two years, and to pay such fine as the court shall award.”

Newman had been arraigned under these provisions, for in a series of lectures on “The Present Position of Catholics in England” he had attracted large audiences, many of literary and political note, in an entertaining display of unfamiliar logic and eloquence during which he had delicately exposed the indelicacies of a defrocked Dominican friar of Naples: “…a profligate under a cowl … ravening after sin.” One court reporter described the man: “He is a plain-featured, middle-sized man, about fifty years of age, and his face is strongly Italian. His forehead is low and receding, his nose prominent, the mouth and the muscles around it full of resolution and courage. He wears a black wig, the hair of which is perfectly straight, and being close shaved, this wig gives to his appearance a certain air of the conventicle. Yet he retains many traces of the Roman Catholic priest, especially in his bearing, enunciation, and features, which have a sort of stealthy grace about them. His eyes are deep-set and lustrous, and with his black hair, dark complexion, and somber, demure aspect, leaves an impression on the mind of the observer by no means agreeable, and not readily to be forgotten.”

Gaetano Achilli, having fled the outraged fathers of various Italian maidens, justified his exploits by what he asserted was a correction of the Petrine claims, and hired himself to an English No-Popery society called the Evangelical Alliance. The slowly emerging Catholic populace in England was inured to attacks by the crude and sophisticated alike, but it was intolerable that audiences were listening to the charmingly accented English of a Neapolitan friar who, having left a long line of defilements in his wake, including the rape of a 15-year-old girl in his church’s sacristy on Good Friday, should melodramatically describe Rome as the Whore of Babylon. He was forced to flee Malta, after at least eighteen sexual offenses. His seductiveness took other forms, to the point of flattering the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Lord Palmerston, for his stilted Italian, which was fashionable in the age of the poetical Brownings, though inferior to the Italian of Newman’s mercurial friend Gladstone. Cultural attitudes were stirred even more by the hysteria following the restoration of the Catholic episcopate to the United Kingdom in 1850, and Cardinal Wiseman did not help things with his florid letter celebrating the fact “From Out the Flaminian Gate.” In the mind of the Anglican Archbishop of York, Thomas Musgrave, this was “Rome’s ever wakeful ambition plotting for our captivity and ruin.”

The Achilli Trial, as it came to be known, was one of the judicial dramas of the age. It would have had prime time on today’s television. It began on June 21 in 1852 and lasted five days. One thinks of what the sensitive personality of Newman, whose whole life was consecrated to the “Kindly Light” of truth and whose youthful and aged boast was that he had never sinned against it, endured during the trial. Yet, he was more than Stoic because he was not a pagan Greek bowing to the cruel fate, but was more luminously a son of serene truth. On the night of his conviction for libel against Achilli, secured after a neglectful Cardinal Wiseman had mislaid corroborative letters, he wrote unperturbed to a correspondent: “I could not help being amused at poor Coleridge’s prose…. I think he wished to impress me, I trust I behaved respectfully, but he must have seen that I was as perfectly unconcerned as if I had been in my own room. I have not been the but of slander for 20 years for nothing.”

Lord Chief Justice John Campbell (left) and Lord Chief Justice Alexander Cockburn

Newman’s legal team were some of the finest barristers in the land, headed by the colorful Sir Alexander Cockburn. He would serve as Lord Chief Justice from 1875 to 1880, though Queen Victoria refused him a peerage because of his louche private life.

Newman had been subjected to the condescension of Coleridge who lamented Newman’s “deterioration” from the heights of Protestantism. In his personal diary, Coleridge wrote: “Perhaps I have been so much accustomed to hear Newman’s excellence talked of that I have received an exaggerated opinion of him. But I have a feeling that there was something almost out of place in my not merely pronouncing sentence on him, but in a way lecturing him.… Besides, in truth Newman is an over-praised man, he is made an idol of.”

Newman was found guilty by the Queen’s Bench and even The Times observed in the shocked aftermath: “We consider … that a great blow has been given to the administration of justice in this country, and Roman Catholics will have henceforth only too good reason for asserting, that there is no justice for them in cases tending to arouse the Protestant feelings of judges and juries.” In the annals of jurisprudence, the Achilli Trial helped to establish the bounds of the statutory defense of truth under the 1843 Libel Act.

It was a Pyrrhic victory for the Queen’s Court, and a moral victory for Newman, as he had to pay nominal fine of £100, while not having to be kept in custody. Court costs nonetheless, were nearly the equivalent of two million dollars today, and donations from home and abroad were a proclamation of universal Catholic solidarity. Newman would save letters from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, towns in the Midwest, and San Francisco. The year after the trial, Newman published his immortal “Lectures on the Idea of a University” and inscribed the volume:

In grateful never-dying remembrance
of his many friends and benefactors,
Living and dead,
At home and abroad,
In Great Britain, Ireland, France,
In Belgium, Germany, Poland, Italy, and Malta,
In North America, and other countries,
Who, by their resolute prayers and penances,
And by their generous stubborn efforts
And by their munificent alms,
Have broken for him the stress
Of a great anxiety

On November 26, Newman wrote reflectively to his sister Jemima: “I consider that the Judges did me a far greater injury than the Jury, for they made me incur the expense, and the long proceeding. I believe they are now much annoyed at the Verdict—but I cannot help saying that educated men and judges have more to answer for when they do wrong, than a vulgar, prejudiced jury.”

It is hard to read those lines without consciousness of those many who now support the attestations of George Cardinal Pell as he stands in the vortex of a cultural tempest malignant in motive and design, preparing to appeal his conviction and sentence of six years in custody, handed down on March 13. Theirs is the assurance from the apostolic fathers familiar with indictments and assaults, that those who endure will by their humiliations produce an abundant harvest. Anti-Catholic hysteria, not unlike that which preceded Newman’s trial, animated charges against Cardinal Pell, indicting him for alleged profane acts witnessed by no one, and which would have seemed impossible under the circumstances. Etymologists have traced the term “kangaroo court” to makeshift jurisprudence in the United States at the hands of an Australian immigrant at the time of the 1849 gold rush, but Australia is the homeland of the marsupial. Cardinal Pell stood against politically correct policies such as contraception, abortion, the Gnostic revision of sexuality, and attempts to teach anthropogenic climate change theories as dogma. These are not welcome opinions in the courts of secular correctness.  He also began with unprecedented vigor, not typical in Rome, the task of cleaning the Augean stable of Vatican finances.

The situation now is different from 1852 because George Pell was accused and back then John Henry Newman was at first the accuser. But both subjects have claim to impeccable integrity, as victims of justice miscarried. In the nineteenth century, Gaetano Achilli fled with his ruined reputation to the United States, having abandoned an acknowledged wife and son, and threatening suicide after some time in a utopian “free love” community in Oneida, New York. His grave has no mark for his end is unknown; This year, by divine grace and mortal assent, Newman will be raised to the altars.

From a higher bar of consummate justice, Newman has the last word:

“What is good, endures; what is evil, comes to naught. As time goes on, the memory will simply pass away from me of whatever has been done in the course of these proceedings, in hostility to me or in insult, whether on the part of those who invoked, or those who administered the law; but the intimate sense will never fade away, will possess me more and more, of the true and tender Providence which has always watched over me for good, and of the power of that religion which is not degenerate from its ancient glory, of zeal or God, and of compassion towards the oppressed.”

(Photo credit: Alexey Gotovskiy/CNA)

Tagged as Anti-CatholicismClergy Sexual AbuseGeorge Cardinal Pellgovernment waste / corruptionJohn Henry Newman106

Fr. George W. Rutler

By Fr. George W. Rutler

Fr. George W. Rutler is pastor of St. Michael’s church in New York City. He is the author of many books including Principalities and Powers: Spiritual Combat 1942-1943 (South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press) and Hints of Heaven (Sophia Institute Press). His latest books are He Spoke To Us (Ignatius, 2016); The Stories of Hymns (EWTN Publishing, 2017); and Calm in Chaos (Ignatius, 2018).

Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off on CARDINAL GEORGE PELL’S ‘CONVICTION’ BEARS A CERTAIN RESEMBLANCE T0 THE ‘CONVICTION’ OF Jesus Christ AND OF BLESSED JOHN HENRY NEWMAN WHO IS SOON TO BE DECLARED A SAINT

AT LAST !!! IT SEEMS AS THOUGH JUSTICE MAY BE DONE THAT WILL CURB THE EXCESSES OF THE LEFTIST MEDIA


VIDEO: Nick Sandmann’s Lawyers Release Scorching New Video Eviscerating CNN, Washington Post

By Michael Stanley – March 14, 2019

L. Lin Wood, P.C., the law firm that’s representing Nick Sandmann, the Covington Catholic High School student who has had his reputation thoroughly obliterated by the mainstream media’s coverage of a supposed confrontation he had with a Native American activist on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial earlier this year, has released a scorching video against CNN and the Washington Post.

Earlier this week, Sandmann’s legal team filed a whopping $275 million lawsuit against CNN for false attacks made against their client in January.

The video the team released focuses much of its content on the danger posed by mainstream media outlets that are biased in their coverage when they are more concerned with pushing a narrative than telling the facts.take our poll – story continues below

  • some snippets of what’s said in the video:

“Last January, 16-year-old Nicholas Sandmann was falsely targeted, attacked, vilified, and threatened. The Washington Post, owned by the richest man in the world, led the print media’s false attacks against Nicholas’ reputation. CNN led the broadcast media’s charge against Nicholas. Both recklessly spread lies about a minor to advance their own financial and political agendas.”

“Despite raw video debunking the false narrative, the Post and CNN doubled down on their reckless lies. Lies that will forever haunt and endanger the life of an innocent young man. Lies that further divided our nation.”

“How long will we allow these media giants to tear at the fabric of our lives to further their own agendas? Will they ever be held accountable? Yes, they will.Nicholas Sandman has taken a stand for himself and for you by filing major lawsuits against CNN and the Washington Post. Nicholas and his legal team will not be stopped until these Goliath corporations are held accountable for their lack of journalistic integrity. Until then, no one’s reputation is safe.”

The last bit in the video is where the real heavy hit comes, as Lin Wood delivers this verbal one-two punch:

“If you took the time to look at the full context of what happened that day, Nicholas Sandmann did absolutely nothing wrong. If they can get away with this against a 16-year-old boy then we’re all at risk. There has to be change.”

This is a powerful message and a very true warning to every American. The news media has grown out of control in their desire to vilify conservatives. They are willing to play as dirty as they can to push the narratives they want in order to achieve their agenda.

Hopefully these lawsuits from Sandmann will spark others who have been tarnished by the media to stand up for themselves against these left-wing propaganda machines.

Source: Daily Wire

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE VATICAN IN ROME AND THE CHANCERY OF THE ARCHDIOCESE OF New York? VERY LITTLE DIFFERENCE! BOTH ARE CORRUPT AND DESERVE COMPARISON TO THE AUGEAN STABLES HERCULES WAS CHALLENGED TO CLEAN OUT. PRAY THAT GOD WILL SOON SEND A HERCULES!!!



THE SKINNY ON DOLAN

Lies, concealments and deceptions.

March 14, 2019  1

P

T

Well, it’s that time of year again. Saint Patrick’s Day is this weekend, and in the archdiocese of New York, that means it’s time to commiserate over Cdl. Dolan’s betrayal of the Faith.

You’ll remember how His Eminence, when confronted by Church Militant about the scandal hecreated with his behind-the-scenes pushing for the OUT@NBCUniversal gay group to be allowed to march in the parade back in 2015, had his comms guy get us forcibly shoved out of the way.

For the fifth year in a row, active homosexuals will march in a parade ostensibly occurring to honor the patron saint of Ireland, as well as New York.

Dolan has since then continued to careen completely off the rails, even going so far last month as to give New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo a pass on signing the most egregious abortion law in world history.

The list of Dolan’s betrayal of the Faith is so long, one Vortex couldn’t enumerate them all. In fact, sodeeply bothered about his reign in New York are people in the chancery and archdiocese that we can’t handle all the tips and “inside info” that comes into the studio here.

Dolan is a living, breathing example of all that is wrong in the hierarchy and has been long before Pope Francis was elected. Heck, not too long ago, even his brother cardinal, Sean O’Malley of Boston, ratted him out to the papal nuncio for covering for an abusive predator priest. And speaking of that specific area, Dolan has created a scandal within his own clergy that takes even their breath away.

He, at this very moment, is covering for more than a half-dozen priests in the archdiocese who his own investigator has recommended be removed immediately — this according to multiple sources in New York who are outraged that he would actively do this.

A quick background: In the wake of the McCarrick news last June — and then the Pennsylvania grand jury report and the ensuing cascade of various state attorneys general opening up investigations — the New York attorney general announced a deep probe of all dioceses in New York.

That announcement prompted Dolan to make a big PR move and go out in September and hire Barbara Jones, a former federal judge, to lead an independent investigation into archdiocesan handling of sex abuse.

At the splashy press conference, Dolan said:

I’ve given you a lot to do, judge, but I need your help if I am going to respond to my people’s plea for accountability, transparency and action. … I look forward to receiving your recommendations and your insights, and I pledge that I will take them all with utmost seriousness.

Well, not so much. Sources all over the archdiocese are fuming mad at Dolan because Jones’ report to him is now being ignored by him. Sources tell Church Militant that Jones identified more than half a dozen active priests she says need to go immediately, and Dolan is deliberately sitting on the info.

Each year, almost every diocese in the country does priest personnel assignment changes in the June/July timeframe. At that time, some pastorships expire and some priests are reassigned, with pastors usually becoming the new pastor at a new parish.

Our sources tell Church Militant that Dolan is quietly letting the terms of the potentially dangerous pastors just expire, and then, very quietly, he will just not assign them, thereby deliberately violating his public pledge for “accountability, transparency and action.”

Too many of the senior leadership in the United States are simply politicians who simply lie, wordsmith, parse their words, split legal hairs so as to deceive — and it’s disgusting.

Totally unsurprisingly, neither Dolan — the man who pledges transparency — nor his communications director, Joe Zwilling, have responded to Church Militant’s inquiries. Heck, the “transparent and accountable” Dolan hasn’t even announced publicly that the report is completed.

And, are you sitting down for this one? Our sources inform us that he is keeping completely out of the public realm that the final bill for the report was $500,000.

A half-million bucks for a report paid for by New York Catholics that he has decided to keep from those same New York Catholics and essentially ignore or at best delay taking any action on because it would look bad for him that potential predator clergy are currently ministering in his archdiocese.

How do people in the archdiocese — lay staff with children — sleep at night, going home knowing that they are a party to all this?

Church Militant has been saying for years now that the rot is far greater than most realize. In fact, it’s so deep that until this generation of bishops is simply gone — and whoever they have promoted have also died — nothing short of direct divine intervention is gonna affect change.

As a final note, Dolan is putting the heavy squeeze on pastors throughout the archdiocese to shake down the faithful for $200 million, even sending out what amounts to polite “demand letters” telling individual Catholic parishioners that he and his team have calculated that they can afford to give such and such amount, always in the multiple thousands of dollars — often times reaching into the tens of thousands of dollars.

What New York Catholics will not see or hear amidst all the usual Dolan bluster is he spent a half million of that money for a report he is ignoring.

You knew back then in 2015, when Dolan campaigned hard behind the scenes to permit active gay marriage supporting homosexuals into the parade, that he has no concern for the Faith and that it was just a matter of time until everything got exposed.

Dolan — and the senior leadership of the U.S. Church — is in desperate need of prayers because with the vast bulk of their time on earth already completed, it will not be long before they each have to stand before Jesus Christ the Judge and be declared guilty of treason.

There’ll be no parades, no fawning media, no governor to rub elbows with so as to act important — nothing. There will be no defense. What a frightening, terrifying thought.

You don’t have too many St. Patrick’s Days left, Your Eminence. You better pull your own Viganò before the clock runs out.

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment

SAVE THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE; IT IS THE PROTECTION OF ALL OF THE SMALLER STATES ACROSS AMERICA FROM THE DOMINATION BY THE LARGE STATES ON THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC COASTS

Jeff Jacoby
Why the ‘excellent’ Electoral College is well worth keepingby Jeff Jacoby
The Boston Globe
March 13, 2019

http://www.jeffjacoby.com/22452/why-the-excellent-electoral-college-is-well-worth        THE FOES of the Electoral College are back in the news.Late last month, Colorado legislators voted to make their state the 13th (including the District of Columbia) to join the National Popular Vote compact, which is designed to circumvent the Electoral College by having states to cast their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the most popular votes nationwide.US presidents are elected not in one national plebiscite, but through separate elections in each state. The Electoral College system forces candidates to appeal across regions and demographic groups, and not to simply to court their most loyal supporters in specific states and communities.By its terms, the arrangement only takes effect when it has been adopted by enough states to reach 270 electoral votes, the total needed to win the White House. The Colorado bill, which still requires the signature of Governor Jared Polis, brings the number to 181. That would increase to 184 if Delaware joins the compact, as its state senate voted to do last week.Complaints about the Electoral College are an old story. The National Archives says there have been more than 700 attempts to scrap or modify the Electoral College. None has succeeded, obviously, and it is virtually certain that the popular-vote compact won’t either. For one thing, it is unconstitutional — the Electoral College can be changed only by amending the Constitution. Even if that weren’t an obstacle, a majority of legislatures will never sign on to a plan designed to undermine their own voters.The standard indictment against the Electoral College is that it’s anti-democratic. It is, of course: The framers of the Constitution devised it deliberately as a check on direct democracy, one of many such checks and balances — think of the power they entrusted to unelected Supreme Court justices, or to a Senate in which states, not people, are equal. Again and again, the Founders went to great lengths to thwart blind majority rule, not wanting important national decisions to be driven by unbridled public emotion, populist demagoguery, or the passions of the mob. The direct election of the president, argued Elbridge Gerry as the Constitution was being drafted in the summer of 1787, could lead to “radically vicious” outcomes. Hence the interposition of an Electoral College, which ensures that presidents are elected not in one national plebiscite, but through elections within each state to choose electors.Thanks to the Electoral College, it isn’t enough for presidential candidates merely to pile up votes in the few states where they are most popular. In order to win, they must demonstrate appeal across numerous states. And because electoral votes have almost always been awarded on a winner-take-all basis, candidates have a powerful incentive to focus in particular on “swing” states — they work extra-hard to carry states where the public is closely divided, because the reward for doing so is significant.The standard indictment of the Electoral College is that it’s antidemocratic. But that’s a feature, not a bug: The framers of the Constitution devised it deliberately as a check on direct democracy, one of many such checks built into our system of government. Again and again, they went to great lengths to thwart blind majority rule, not wanting crucial national decisions to be driven by unbridled public emotion, populist demagoguery, or the passions of the mob.The ticket that racks up the most votes nationwide nearly always wins a majority of the Electoral College. But twice in the last two decades, the popular-vote winner lost the electoral vote. Both times a Republican ended up in the White House, which explains why so many Democrats are now on the warpath against the Electoral College. All the states that have voted to join the National Popular Vote compact are solid blue states; except for Colorado, none has voted Republican in a presidential election for at least 30 years. Had the compact been in force in recent elections, the candidates those states supported — Al Gore in 2000, Hillary Clinton in 2016 — would have become president. The popular-vote pact would have ratified the choice made by most voters in those states.But in 2004, when the popular vote was won by George W. Bush, 12 of the states in the compact voted for John Kerry. Enforcing the compact then would have meant overturning the will of the voters in those states. Critics of the Electoral College denounce it as undemocratic — but what could be less democratic than state legislatures deliberately nullifying the choice of a majority of their state’s voters?For a nation like ours — ideologically quarrelsome, geographically vast, socially diverse — the advantages of the Electoral College far outweigh its drawbacks. It guarantees that no one can become president without demonstrating an appeal that crosses state, regional, and communal lines. It makes victory all but impossible for candidates who write off whole constituencies of Americans — Mitt Romney’s “47 percent,” Hillary Clinton’s “basket of deplorables” — even if those candidates are intensely popular in a few specific states or within a few narrow demographic slices. Above all, it balances federalism with democracy: It preserves the central role of the states in American life without sacrificing the principle of one-person, one-vote.With good reason, Alexander Hamilton pronounced the Electoral College system an “excellent” arrangement. With good reason it has endured for 225 years. Presidents come and presidents go, but the Constitution’s system for choosing them is here to stay.(Jeff Jacoby is a columnist for The Boston Globe).– ## —
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off on SAVE THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE; IT IS THE PROTECTION OF ALL OF THE SMALLER STATES ACROSS AMERICA FROM THE DOMINATION BY THE LARGE STATES ON THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC COASTS

IT SEEMS TO BECOME MORE LIKELY THAT FRANCIS THE MERCIFUL WILL RID HIMSELF OF THE THREAT THAT AN EXONERATED Cardinal Pell POSES BY EXPEDITING THE REDUCTION FROM THE RANK OF CARDINAL AND THEN TO THE LAY STATE. THE CASE OF Cardinal Pell CRIES TO HEAVEN FOR JUSTICE BOTH FROM THE STATE AND THE CHURCH

Settimo Cielodi Sandro Magister 

11 mar 19

After the Cardinals Pell and Barbarin Verdicts. Church Under Siege, Stunned

Pell


*

In Australia, Cardinal George Pell (see photo) has ended up in prison. In France, Cardinal Philippe Barbarin, archbishop of Lyon, has been given a suspended sentence of six months in jail. And it is not out of the question that other prominent cardinals and bishops could soon end up under the judgment of secular tribunals, charged with having committed or “covered up” sexual abuse against minors.

For the Catholic Church, this opens questions of noteworthy gravity, in the face of which it is showing that it is by no means confident that it knows what to do.

In particular, the following three questions.

1. A SPECIAL TRIBUNAL TO TRY THE POPE?

Both Pell and Barbarin have been found guilty on the basis of questionable proofs, both in a second trial after the first had ended without a guilty verdict. For Barbarin, even the prosecutor had asked for acquittal. Both say they are innocent, and have asked for an appeal ruling.

Meanwhile, however, within the Church, the former was prohibited, when the trial was still underway, from the exercise of his public ministry and from contact with minors. And a few days ago the latter announced his resignation, certain that the pope would accept it.

In Pell’s case, it has been communicated that the congregation for the doctrine of the faith will open a canonical process. And it is likely that the same thing will happen with Barbarin.

But what kind of process? And how? Along general lines, concerning bishops presumed guilty or negligent in matters of abuse, Pope Francis published in June of 2016 an apostolic letter, “Come una madre amorevole,” in which – as he explained afterward at the press conference on the way back from Ireland on August 26 2018 – “it was said that for trying bishops it would be good to set up a special tribunal,” one for all. Soon, however, Francis himself maintained “that this was not practicable,” and opted to resort to a jury set up for each case. As in the case – he presented by way of example – of Guam archbishop Anthony Sablon Apuron, convicted at first instance by the congregation for the doctrine of the faith but whose appeal has been taken in charge by Francis himself, with the assistance of a commission of canonists.

In all this the procedures continue in any case to be uncertain. Last November Francis forbade the episcopal conference of the United States to put to a vote the creation of an independent organism of laymen charged with conducting the first hearing on bishops under investigation. But the alternative solution upheld by Cardinal Blase Cupich and through him by the pope, that is of assigning the first investigation to the metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province of the defendant, is also far from being codified, in spite of the fact that it was presented again by Cupich himself at the Vatican summit of February 21-24, dedicated precisely to how to combat the plague of sexual abuse.

Against Cupich’s proposal it is objected, among other things, that entrusting the first investigation to the metropolitan – or to another bishop – of the province of the defendant risks putting the judgment back into the hands of clerics who often belong to the same coterie and therefore are tempted to assist each other.

But there’s more. If there is uncertainty on how to proceed with regard to a bishop presumed to be guilty or negligent, what is to be done when the one under accusation is the pope himself?

In effect this is what is happening. Pope Francis has not yet responded to those who – like former nuncio in the United States Carlo Maria Viganò – have accused him of supporting and promoting to the end then-cardinal Theodore McCarrick, in spite of the fact that his multiple abuses were known to him. And he continues to keep quiet more than six months after having promised journalists at the press conference on the way back from Ireland, on August 26 2018: “Study, and then I will speak.”

Meanwhile, weighing even more on Francis is the case of Argentine bishop Gustavo Óscar Zanchetta, his friend and spiritual son since he was undersecretary of the Argentine episcopal conference, promoted as bishop of Orán in the summer of 2013, who later resigned for unspecified “reasons of health” in the summer of 2017 but was promptly elevated by the pope, in December of that same year, to the Vatican post custom-made for him of “assessor” of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, in spite of the fact that very detailed charges of bad behavior by Zanchetta had been sent by churchmen of the diocese of Orán to the competent authorities, in Argentina and Rome, on several occasions from 2015 to 2017.

On this too Francis is keeping quiet. The only decision that has been made known is that on Zanchetta there has been ordered from Rome a preliminary investigation in Argentina.

And if this investigation, reported back to Rome, should confirm the responsibility of Pope Francis, it will remain to be seen how the imperative of a fair trial might be reconciled with the norms of canon law, which at canon 1404 establishes that “the First See is judged by no one,” but at § 2 of canon 1405 specifies that “a judge cannot review an act… by the Roman Pontiff without his prior mandate.”

2. A REGULAR OR “ADMINISTRATIVE” CANONICAL PROCESS?

In the case of McCarrick, last February 15 the congregation for the doctrine of the faith ruled for his reduction to the lay state, at the end of a penal process of the administrative type, meaning simplified and abbreviated.

The congregation almost always proceeds like this, by the extrajudicial route, in the thousands of cases that come under its jurisdiction in matters of abuse. With McCarrick, this made it possible to arrive rapidly at the sentence of reduction to the lay state, before the summit convened at the Vatican from February 21 to 24. But this brought along with it – perhaps deliberately – a grave disadvantage: the impossibility of reconstructing in a judicial setting the network of complicity and of favors, up to the highest levels of the hierarchy, that McCarrick enjoyed for years, from those who nevertheless knew of his misdeeds.

Not to mention the incomprehensible delay in the publication of everything that turns out to be documented, concerning McCarrick, “in the archives of the dicasteries and offices of the Holy See.” The announcement of the publication of these documents, as also of the results of the preliminary investigation that had led to his removal from the college of cardinals, was made last October 6. And the following day Cardinal Marc Ouellet, prefect of the congregation for bishops, confirmed in a letter to the former nuncio Viganò that McCarrick had in effect been under confidential “restrictions,” since 2006, against traveling and appearing in public, “because of rumors around his behavior,” restrictions that he had never obeyed. But since October 6 more than five months have gone by, and still the dossier has not been published as announced.

So then, what procedure will be adopted by the congregation for the doctrine of the faith in the canonical process against Cardinal Pell?

Given that the congregation will wait in any case, before issuing its own ruling, for the result of the appeal process requested by Pell in Australia, the preliminary hearing of which is set for June 5-6, one must keep in mind that which the Holy See customarily does in cases of this kind, that is when it proceeds by the administrative route after a secular tribunal has already issued its verdict.

In cases of this kind, the Holy See is accustomed to take as its basis for judgment the findings of the secular tribunal. And therefore, if in the potential process of appeal the Australian verdict is again for conviction, this will usually be followed by an ecclesiastical conviction as well, with the reduction of Pell to the lay state.

This is why it is likely that Pell’s attorneys will insist that the Holy See not adopt an administrative procedure for their client, but a regular canonical process, more unshackled from the results of the Australian trial. In other words, more autonomous, more free, more sovereign.

3. EXONERATION OR CONVICTION, BOTH AT A STEEP PRICE

And what will happen when the Holy See has issued its ruling on the Pell case?

If it is of conviction, on a par with what may be decided by the Australian appeals court, it is taken for granted that there will be applause from secular public opinion, as also from the champions of “zero tolerance” within the Church.

But protests will also be raised by those who will point out in this a defeat of the elementary rights to a fair trial, seeing the inconsistency of the accusations, as also a ruinous act of submission by the Church to the secular powers.

If instead the sentence is of acquittal, contrary to the one that may be decided by the Australian court, there will be those who will admire the autonomy – and the courage – of the Church in evaluating the effective absence of proofs in support of the accusations and in deciding as a result.

But there will certainly be heated reactions on the part not only of secular public opinion, but also of those sectors of the Church that in any case judge as irredeemable the bishop who may have been simply accused of “covering up” abuse,  no matter if he is later acquitted in court.

This, for example, is what has been written in black and white with regard to Cardinal Barbarin by former magistrate of the interdiocesan tribunal of Lyon Pierre Vignon, who publicly called for his resignation last summer, before the second trial against him had been completed and after a first trial had ended with acquittal:

“I have been asked repeatedly how I would react if the cardinal were to be declared innocent by the tribunal. The reply is very simple. The conscience of a Christian need not wait for the sentence of a tribunal to know what must be done. If Cardinal Batbarin is not convicted, in any case he is no longer the person who can present himself before victims.”

And this is also the message of the film “Grâce à Dieu,” the subject and target of which is none other than Cardinal Barbarin, released shortly before the tribunal of Lyon was to issue its sentence.

Returning to the case of Cardinal Pell, there are some who are even afraidthat the Australian government – under the pressure of public opinion – could interpret an ecclesiastical acquittal of the cardinal as an implicit condemnation of the judicial system of Australia, and as a result break off relations with the Holy See and push for its expulsion from the association of sovereign states.

Whether this dramatic outcome proves true or not, they are times of siege, these, for the Church.Condividi:

Posted in Uncategorized | 2 Comments

THE SINISTER PLOT AGAINST Cardinal Pell BY THE VATICAN, THE LAW ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM AND THE JUDICIARY OF AUSTRALIA HAS PRODUCED A SENTENCE BUT THE DRAMA IS NOT OVER.

CARDINAL PELL SENTENCED TO SIX YEARS IN PRISON

NEWS:WORLD NEWS

Print Friendly and PDF

by Stephen Wynne  •  ChurchMilitant.com  •  March 12, 2019    133 Comments

Australian judge: Prelate’s ‘moral culpability’ is ‘high’

You are not signed in as a Premium user; we rely on Premium users to support our news reporting. Sign in or Sign up today!

MELBOURNE, Victoria (ChurchMilitant.com) – Three months after a jury found Cdl. George Pell guilty of sexually assaulting two boys, Australia’s leading prelate is heading to prison.

Inside a packed Melbourne courtroom Wednesday morning, Chief Justice Peter Kidd sentenced Cdl. Pell to six years in prison, while setting eligibility for parole at three years and eight months.

Justice Kidd said that by categorically denying the charges against him, Pell showed “no evidence of remorse or contrition” that would justify a reduction in punishment. In passing sentence, he acknowledged that the cardinal “may not live to be released from prison.”

Kidd began his nearly 90-minute address from the bench by denouncing the “witchhunt” to which Cdl. Pell had been subjected since accusations of abuse first sentenced against him. He went on to review in graphic detail the specific acts of abuse for which Pell was found guilty.

Condemning the cardinal for a grave “breach of trust and abuse of power,” Kidd described Pell as “a serious sexual offender” whose “brazenness” was brought on by an inflated “sense of power.” As a result of the sentence, Pell will be listed as a sex offender for the remainder of his life.

The cardinal plans to appeal Justice Kidd’s ruling. 


Pell was found guilty in December of sexually assaulting two boys in the sacristy of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Melbourne in 1996.

According to the prosecution, after celebrating Mass one day in 1996, Cdl. Pell veered from his usual practice of greeting parishioners on their way out of St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Instead, he headed unaccompanied to the church sacristy where he discovered two choirboys who had separated themselves from their peers to indulge in altar wine. Catching them red-handed, prosecutors suggested, Pell decided to sexually assault the boys.

The cardinal has vigorously denied the allegations.Another red flag, Pell supporters note, is the fact that the reputation of Victoria Police has been sullied by charges of corruption.Tweet

Pell’s conviction provoked an outcry among many faithful Catholics, who insist the allegations against him are completely without merit. Supporters note that in 1996, the cardinal was actively involved in creating a response to the clerical sexual abuse crisis in Australia — despite criticism from some of the country’s bishops that he should wait — precisely because he thought the issue was so important.

They also point to the fact that during that period, Pell became a target of gay protesters owing to his outspoken criticism of homosexuality. 

Image
Cdl. Gerhard Müller

Defenders also slam what they say is a suspicious lack of support for the cardinal inside the Vatican, in spite of the fact he is the third highest-ranking cleric in Rome.

Appointed prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy in 2014, Pell was brought in ostensibly to clean up Vatican finances, exercising oversight over the Holy See’s properties and personnel. But his proposed reforms — which included demands for greater transparency — were met with hostility.

According to Vatican expert Edward Pentin, the “Old Guard” resisted reform out of fears it would reveal their corruption.

Supporters continue to voice outrage over the fact that while serial sexual predator Theodore McCarrick is allowed to live out the remainder of his life in freedom at a central Kansas friary, Pell is locked away in solitary confinement. Pell, they insist, is no McCarrick.

“The allegations against him are absolutely unbelievable, it’s impossible,” said Cdl. Gerhard Müller, former prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, earlier this month. “It’s without proof, against all evidence. If there’s no proof, you cannot condemn a person to 50 years in a fortress.”

In a March 1 article for the National Catholic Register, Fr. Raymond de Souza echoed Müller, arguing the prosecution’s scenario beggars belief:

This [alleged assault] he accomplished immediately after Mass, with the sacristy door open, despite having all his vestments on and with the reasonable expectation that the sacristan, the master of ceremonies, the servers or concelebrants might come in and out or even pass by the open door, as would be customary after Mass. Meanwhile, there were dozens and dozens of people in the cathedral, praying or milling about. The whole affair took place within six minutes, after which the boys went off to choir practice and never spoke about it to anyone for 20 years, not even to each other. Indeed, one of the boys, who died of a heroin overdose in 2014, explicitly told his mother before he died that he had never been sexually abused.

“Ask any priest of a normal-sized parish — let alone a cathedral — if it would be possible to rape choirboys in the sacristy immediately after Mass,” de Souza challenged. 

“Sixty seconds — let alone six minutes — would not pass without someone, or several people, coming in and out, or at least passing by the open door,” he added. “Ask any priest if he is customarily alone in the sacristy immediately after Mass, while there are still people in the church and the sanctuary has not yet been cleared.”

Image
Fr. Raymond de Souza

Another red flag, Pell supporters note, is the fact that the reputation of Victoria Police has been sullied by charges of corruption. According to a Victoria High Court, state law enforcement have “corrupted” prosecutions and “debased fundamental principles of the criminal-justice system.” 

In December, Premier Daniel Andrews announced the launch of a government inquiry into police wrongdoing and cover-up. 

Pell’s supporters argue the cardinal’s case is an outgrowth of this same police corruption. 

“The prosecution of Cardinal Pell has been a monstrous miscarriage of justice, a religious persecution carried out by prosecutorial means,” Fr. de Souza argued earlier this month. “The process that led to the convictions was, from the start, a sustained and calculated strategy to corrupt the criminal-justice system toward politically motivated ends.”

In a March 12 follow-up, de Souza pointed out

It has long been known, and now can be publicly reported, that the police in Victoria (Cardinal Pell’s home state in Australia) were out to get Cardinal Pell long before there were any complaints about him. They had set up a task force, “Operation Tethering,” in 2013 to search for charges against Cardinal Pell before any such complaints had ever been made to police.

They took out advertisements soliciting stories of sexual abuse at Melbourne’s St. Patrick’s Cathedral before any such complaints had been received. The Victoria police had their man and just needed to produce a victim and a complaint.

De Souza’s charge echoes an August 2016 piece in the journal Quadrant. In an article titled “The Relentless Pursuit of Pell,” Australian journalist Christopher Akehurst addressed the ongoing frenzy surrounding the cardinal.

“Who’s out to get George Pell?” Akehurst asked. “It looks as though someone is. … Is anyone orchestrating this ongoing pursuit?”

He also pondered what part Victoria Police had to play in the cardinal’s persecution:

In persisting with its investigation into Pell, secretly until someone leaked it, Victoria Police is in part demonstrating that a lot of thick coppers have signed up to the prevailing orthodoxy that Catholic priests must have some guilty sexual secret because celibacy, so out of tune with the mores of our age, denies them a “normal” outlet for their physical desires.

Akehurst concluded his article with an ominous takeaway: 

Pell is a thorn in the side of the leftish-minded within and without the Roman Catholic Church. I have heard people who wouldn’t know what a cardinal was sounding off against him. He is an orthodox Catholic who is not fuzzy or wishy-washy in expounding his faith. He has the additional stigma of being skeptical about man’s role in climate change. All in all, he’s out of step with the prevailing ethos of moral relativism. He has to be brought down.

Posted in Uncategorized | 2 Comments

HERE IS A LETTER THAT WAS PUBLISHED ADDRESSED TO LEBRON JAMES, WOULD THAT SIMILAR LETTERS COULD BE PUBLISHED TO ALL OF THE EDUCATIONALLY DEPRIVED ‘STARS’ OF THE LEFT WHO ARE SO INFLUENTIAL IN THE MEDIA

Letter to ‘King” James! BRAVO!!    

 LeBron James calls President Trump a “Bum” and thinks that Obama was the best. His fans listen to him because he has a talent for basketball and buying big mansions. The letter writer below, a sports journalist, tells the truth and that truth applies to most celebrities on the left.

A GREAT Letter to Lebron James from former Houston news reporter Hal Lundgren. It’s a must read, and definitely should be distributed. Post it, send it. Whatever. People really need to know these things.        

August 6, 2018      

Mr. Lebron James     

The Los Angeles Lakers     

2275 E. Mariposa Ave.     

El Segundo, CA 90245     

Dear Mr. James,

No one in my circles discusses French Modernist artists. That comforts me. Such a conversation would expose me as an illiterate on French Modernism, just as I am an illiterate on how to cook.     When I know nothing of subjects, my mouth stays closed.

That’s at least one difference in us. You are an economics illiterate. You prove it often. The dishonest “reporters” who cover you want to be your buddy.       They won’t embarrass you by being honest journalists and treating your words as economics illiteracy.

When you call Trump “a bum,” none of them will tell you that statistics rank him as one of our best presidents for black Americans. His tax cuts and freeing us from absurd regulations have resulted in — after only 18 months — the lowest unemployment numbers ever for Hispanic and black Americans, and one of the lowest numbers for women.   

DURING THOSE 18 MONTHS, TRUMP’S POLICIES CREATED ABOUT FOUR TIMES OF THE MANUFACTURING JOBS CREATED DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION’S LAST 18 MONTHS. Remember when Obama mistakenly told us “Our lost manufacturing jobs are not coming back.” Maybe manufacturing job growth depends on a president who knows what he’s doing.   

As a professional journalist, I cringe at some of Trump’s buffoonery, like repeating sentences and wearing us out with “great,” “fantastic” and other empty adjectives. He is often coarse. He was not my candidate. But there’s no question his policies have helped many more minority Americans than Obama. It’s not even close.

Today, he’s working to free many black and Hispanic prisoners who, in his opinion, have been in prison too long for relatively minor offenses. Are you aware of that effort?    

You need to look up Gross Domestic Product, adjusted for inflation, and learn what it means to everyday Americans. Learn what one GDP point means to employment, and see how Trump has kept the number climbing.    

Your buddy Obama? In addition to being our worst foreign affairs president and worst military commander-in-chief, his economic numbers all deserved an “F.” He is our ONLY eight-year president who failed to give us at least one 3% or higher year of adjusted GDP growth. EVERY other president achieved at least one year of 4.28% or higher growth. Aided by Vietnam spending, Johnson had an 8.48 year. The best peacetime year — 7.83 — belonged to Reagan. and Obama couldn’t even score a 3!!! Look it up.        

You say you would speak to Obama but not Trump? How tragically uninformed you are. Obama had BY FAR the worst debt accumulation record of all our presidents. His economic blunders added about $9 trillion to our debt. NO OTHER PRESIDENT EVEN CAME CLOSE. That indebtedness will fall to you and your children.        

Poor families suffered most. Obama’s awful job numbers forced a record number of people to take food stamps. Black household income under Obama fell steeply as black unemployment rose. Look that up, too.        

But the worst part of what Trump inherited is that Obama, like Bush and Clinton before him, thought bribes and sweet talk were the best ways to deal with North Korea. As the North Koreans neared being able to wipe out Los Angeles with a nuclear-tipped missile, Trump became the first president to stand up boldly to the rogue nation. Notice North Korea, because of Trump, has stopped launching missiles over Japan? Notice North Korea has released political prisoners? Notice North Korea has begun to return remains of U.S. Service members? Absent sturdy spines, Clinton, Bush and Obama could not approach those major achievements.

     Obama naively bribed the planet’s worst terrorist nation, Iran, with what was supposed to become a $150 billion handout. Did Obama not know many of those U.S. Tax dollars would help fund Hamas and Hezbollah terrorism? Of course he did. He just didn’t care.        

Remember the $800 billion of your and everyone else’s tax dollars in his early stimulus for “shovel-ready jobs.” Most of those tax dollars went to political cronies. He handed $500 million to Solyndra, a solar company run by boosters. The company soon went bankrupt. Our half-billion in tax money vanished with it.     Trump is often obnoxious, but people with courage can have that hangup. Obama always talked big, then feebly stood by when Putin infringed on Ukraine and annexed Crimea.        

But Obama’s most cowardly move came when he warned Assad not to cross “the red line” in Syria. When Obama’s warning was ignored, which Assad knew would happen, Obama did nothing. Does that make him a “bum?”         It makes me sad that you, as someone with a national voice would be so ignorant of economics, and also presidential decisions. I encourage you to do more reading and thinking as you watch the nation’s GDP numbers rise and minority employment rise.           

* Read about “Right To Try,” which frees terminally ill people to sign a lawsuit waiver and take an experimental drug that might not be approved for many years. Democrats fought this sensible plan for years because it would cost them donations.          * Read about a Navy Obama left to Trump that struggled with about half its carrier aircraft unsafe to fly.     * Read about Trump’s giving the VA the right to fire any employee who neglects or abuses a patient.         * Read about Trump’s courage in challenging, actually demanding that, NATO partners to pay their fair share rather than keep mooching off the U.S.     You might also read the wisdom of two of the world’s brightest people, black intellectuals Dr. Thomas Sowell and Dr. Walter Williams. They have written many books. Sowell and Williams’ integrity, remarkable insights and clarity of expression cause their common sense to soar off the page to readers       

  Or, you could ignore vital Trump decisions and remain an illiterate on both presidential achievement and economics. If you disdain knowledge and keep calling Trump or any other U.S. president a bum, people will begin to wonder who’s the real bum.

 Sincerely,   

Hal Lundgren    

Now this took some backbone to write—and he did his research.  All that is said in this letter is verifiable but alas the people who should really read this letter will probably never see it and will blindly go on thinking and believing whatever pulp news is fed to them and will still vote for the so called “free stuff” until the money runs out and reality hits them in the face and their pocketbook.  We have fallen to a level I never believed possible—so sad!!     ******************************************

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment